Since it is a liquid, the outer core can spin, and it does. 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Density refers to how much space something takes up and how heavy it is. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The core is composed of iron and nickle. Iron, however, is much more complicated than many elements you may be used to. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} Lesson for Kids, Why Do Volcanoes Erupt? The way we know that the outer core is liquid is quite brilliant: from the seismic waves produced from earthquakes! Get the unbiased info you need to find the right school. All four of these were unable to gravitationally hold on to the large amounts of hydrogen and helium they formed with, preventing them from becoming gas giants like our Solar System’s other four planets. Get access risk-free for 30 days, The inner core is the innermost geologic layer of the Earth. courses that prepare you to earn Because it’s so small, Mercury has already cooled and contracted a tremendous amount, and has hundred-mile-long cracks in it from where it was forced to contract due to this cooling! The outward pressure from the newly forming star preferentially pushes the lighter elements out towards the outer parts of the solar system, while gravity causes instabilities in the disk to collapse and form what will become planets. Earth is made up of several layers. The pressure is greater in the inner core. Those same temperatures, however, at lower pressures, will easily keep iron in its liquid phase, while at higher pressures will see iron form a solid. The magnetism of Earth actually helps us a lot, because it stops some harmful materials from hitting our planet. But why is the outer core liquid? This concept of flotation and buoyancy — where the less dense objects rise above the denser ones, which sink to the bottom — does much more than just explain the oceans. The least dense part of the Earth, the atmosphere, floats atop the watery oceans, which in turn float atop the Earth’s crust, which lies above the more dense mantle, which itself cannot sink down into the densest section of the Earth: the core. The core is probably dense/solid because of gravitational pressure and also its larger composition of heavier elements such as iron. Ideally, the most stable state the Earth could conceivably be in is one that was perfectly layered like an onion, with the densest elements all towards its center, with each outward layer progressively made up of less dense elements. - Lesson for Kids, Erosion Lesson for Kids: Definition, Facts & Types, Weathering Lesson for Kids: Definition & Facts, Water Cycle Lesson for Kids: Definition & Facts, Stalactites & Stalagmites Lesson for Kids, Bermuda Triangle Stories: Lesson for Kids, How are Mountains Formed? Eliot's The Burial of The Dead, Practice with the Metric System, Significant Figures & Scientific Notation, Study.com AP Scholarship: Application Form & Information, HESI Exam Updates During the Coronavirus Pandemic, Tech and Engineering - Questions & Answers, Health and Medicine - Questions & Answers, Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. And every earthquake you feel is the Earth getting just a little bit closer to its final, cooled-off, solid-all-the-way-through state! The topmost solid line represents the boundary between molten iron (above the line) and solid iron (below it). first two years of college and save thousands off your degree. But the outer planets, being both more massive and farther away from the Sun (and hence receiving less radiation), managed to hang on to large amounts of these ultra-light elements, and formed gas giants. Outer Core. Services. just create an account. Earth is divided into three main parts: the crust, the mantle, and the core. Why is the outer core liquid while the inner core is solid? And as this happens, because solid iron has a higher density than liquid iron, the Earth will contract slightly, necessitating what? Visit the Science for Kids page to learn more. How Do I Use Study.com's Assign Lesson Feature? The Earth's inner core is solid because despite the enormous temperature in this region, there is also enormous pressure there, which in turn raises the melting point of iron and nickel to a value above the Earth's core temperature. “If you ever drop your keys into a river of molten lava, let ‘em go, because, man, they’re gone.” -Jack Handey. The inner core is solid, and the outer core is liquid. The core is the layer at the center of the earth, and it is made of materials that make it the densest layer. If you have never seen this, try it now with some water and cooking oil! - Lesson for Kids, Cinder Cone Volcano Facts: Lesson for Kids, Crystals Lesson for Kids: Definition & Facts, Metamorphic Rock Lesson for Kids: Definition & Facts, Mineral Lesson for Kids: Definition & Facts, 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Facts: Lesson for Kids, Biological and Biomedical The outer core is the outer layer of the core that is made of liquid iron and nickel. The mantle is on top of the denser outer core, which surrounds the super-dense inner core. Since it is a liquid, the outer core can spin, and it does. Each layer below the surface becomes denser and denser. It is divided even further into two layers: the outer core and the inner core. Like all elements, whether iron is solid, liquid, gas or “other” depends on both the pressure and temperature of the iron. Log in here for access. A. It should come as no great surprise that iron, the most stable element and the heaviest element made in great abundance outside of supernovae, is the most abundant element in the Earth’s core. Biology Lesson Plans: Physiology, Mitosis, Metric System Video Lessons, Lesson Plan Design Courses and Classes Overview, Online Typing Class, Lesson and Course Overviews, Personality Disorder Crime Force: Study.com Academy Sneak Peek. The state of matter (solid, liquid or gas) of a given material depends on its temperature and pressure. The inner core is solid because the pressure is so much higher in the very center of Earth. flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? In this lesson, we will talk about the outer core of Earth.
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